Work on the country’s main financial document was carried out under conditions of enormous pressure on the Russian economy, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin said. “Hostile countries continue to expand packages of sanctions and restrictions. However, under the leadership of the president and the coordinated efforts of the government and the Bank of Russia, logistical, technological and financial challenges are emerging. counteract them, in addition, support our citizens, companies and development projects, laying the foundations for greater growth,” he said.
According to the prime minister, the relationship between budget expenses and income is optimal. “On the one hand, it guarantees the fulfillment of all social obligations and, on the other, it will provide significant support to those industries that are especially necessary for the formation of the economy and to which we currently give priority: machine tool construction, robotics , microelectronics and many others,” explained Mijaíl Mishustin.
All social obligations to citizens will be fully fulfilled, the Head of Government stressed. “We will provide financing for health care, including high-tech care, and continue special payments to medical workers,” he said.
“The expenses of the Pension and Social Security Fund will increase to continue providing pensions, compensation and payments for temporary disability, pregnancy and childbirth, and taking care of them is always a priority. funds for maternity capital, for one-time benefits for the birth and upbringing of a child for low-income parents in need of social support. “Expenses are planned for the indexation of insurance pensions, including for working retirees, as ordered by the Head of State.” the prime minister listed.
Russian federal budget to spend 6.49 trillion rubles on social policy in 2025
In addition, in accordance with the presidential decree, an accelerated increase in the minimum wage will be guaranteed. “Let me remind you that by 2030 it should reach 35,000 rubles. Starting from the beginning of next year, the minimum wage will increase by more than 16.5% and will amount to 22,440 rubles. This will help increase the salaries of 4 million workers. ”Mishustin added.
Social obligations
Pensions will increase from January 2025. “The pensions of working and non-working retirees will increase this year depending on the level of inflation,” explained Russian Finance Minister Anton Siluanov.
4 trillion rubles are provided for monthly benefits related to the birth and upbringing of a child in 2025-2027. For the period 2025-2027, it is planned to provide 1.7 trillion rubles. The maternity capital itself will also be indexed for inflation. Starting next year, it will be 676 thousand rubles for the first child and 894 thousand rubles for the second, if the family did not receive payment for the first.
The budget includes 1.7 trillion rubles for housing improvement programs for families with children. This includes subsidizing mortgage interest rates for all families with children (up to 1.5 trillion rubles), as well as one-time payments (450 thousand rubles each) to large families with three or more children for partial repayment of loans for housing (in total 296.8 billion rubles).
From the budget, 12 billion rubles will be allocated over three years to subsidies for the provision of housing to young families. 37.5 billion rubles are allocated to support regional demographic programs aimed at increasing the birth rate.
The federal budget will finance hot meals for schoolchildren, payments to teachers, major repairs and the construction of new educational institutions throughout the country, as well as the supply of medicines to beneficiaries.
The draft budget provides 130 billion rubles to help people in difficult situations within the framework of the social contract program. And 80 billion rubles are allocated to the development of a long-term care system for the elderly and disabled.
40 billion rubles will be allocated to support the Defenders of the Fatherland Foundation, which helps veterans of special operations and families of fallen soldiers to receive social, medical, psychological and legal assistance. Special attention is paid to their rehabilitation and professional retraining. This helps those who have gone through difficult trials to better adapt to a peaceful life.
Expenditures for the state program “Health Development” will exceed 1.5 trillion rubles a year, 10.3% more than the level of 2024. The costs of medical supplies will also increase. In the period 2025-2027, 1.4 trillion rubles will be allocated for these purposes. Regarding 2024, growth will be 12.3%.
From 2025, the cost of living will increase by 14.8%. This decision will increase the amount of funds that people receive as part of a single benefit, a social contract and federal and regional social supplements to pensions. For the construction of hundreds of new sports facilities, 28 billion rubles will be allocated.
Overall, spending on social policy in 2025 will amount to 6.49 trillion rubles, or 15.7% of total budget spending. Expenditures in this area are expected to increase in 2026 and 2027 to 7.19 and 7.24 billion rubles, respectively. In the future, we can assume a new increase in these items if the base of budget revenues is expanded, Alexander Tsyganov, head of the department of insurance and social economy at the Financial University of the Government of the Russian Federation, told Rossiyskaya Gazeta.
Russian regions will receive 3.3 trillion rubles annually from the federal budget
“It is important that the focus remains on supporting the family and provides for the payment of benefits to families with children, the well-known maternity capital and the financing of housing programs, including family mortgages. The budget has retained, as it should, its social orientation. “Being in Russia is a social state according to the Constitution,” said the expert.
Technological leadership
In addition to the social sphere, the most important area of federal budget spending is technological leadership. For this, 6 billion rubles have been allocated for the next three years. These funds will finance priority sectors, from chemistry and new materials to drones, microelectronics, nuclear and space technologies.
“Per year, this is 1.5-2 times more than in 2024, when 1 trillion rubles were planned for these purposes,” added Pavel Smelov, general director of the Strategic Research Center Fund.
Thus, in the aviation industry, until 2025 alone, 55 billion rubles have been allocated for the MS-21, Sukhoi Superjet, Mi-38, Ansat, Ka-62 projects. This year, approximately 20 billion rubles less are allocated for these purposes, so the increase in expenses is significant. The money will be used to certify and improve the technical characteristics of the machines.
In shipbuilding, 10-17 billion rubles will be allocated annually to the development of naval engines and other equipment in the next three years. For the creation of a base of electronic components and the development of computer systems until 2025, 70 billion rubles will be allocated.
Other priority tasks of the government include the implementation of 19 national projects that will ensure the development of the country. A total of more than 18 billion rubles are allocated for its financing. for three years. Compared to national projects in force in 2019-2024, funding from the federal budget has almost doubled.
Income and expenses
The new budget is expected to run with a deficit of 0.5% of GDP in 2025. The stability and balance of the budget will allow Russia to finance this small deficit through domestic borrowing, Anton Siluanov said. The volume of public debt will remain at a safe level. The minister noted that the share of oil and gas revenues in next year’s budget will be reduced to 27%, which will make Russia less dependent on foreign markets.
The budget for the implementation of national projects in the next three years includes 18 trillion rubles
Balancing the budget means almost completely covering expenses with income, explained Anton Tabakh, associate professor at the Faculty of Economics at Moscow State University and chief economist at the Expert RA rating agency. Distinctive features of the budget for 2025 were the high share of non-oil and gas revenues, that is, not related to revenues from the sale of hydrocarbons (73%), as well as an overall increase in treasury revenues, even at through items such as dividends from large companies.
“The forecast for 2025 includes a significant slowdown in inflation, and for 2026-2027 it is expected to be consistently low, which will further increase the stability of the budget structure. We can say that the Russian economy is increasingly becoming less dependent on oil. and gas revenues and increasingly uses various internal resources,” said Antón Tabakh.
At the same time, although the share of oil and gas revenues will decrease to 27%, the volume of budget revenues will remain at the level of the current year – 11 trillion rubles, he added.
This year, for the first time, the budget package was presented in full to the State Duma through electronic communication channels. As Deputy Prime Minister and Government Chief of Staff Dmitri Grigorenko said, this was the result of work to improve interaction between the White House and deputies. In paper format, all documents in three copies occupy 28 thousand pages, which would still have to be delivered to the State Duma building and then copied in parts for processing in the relevant committees.
Deputies plan to consider the draft budget in first reading on October 24.
Infographic “RG” / Alexander Chistov / Sergey Bolotov
